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Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle Project (LLLP) Factors Influencing the Development of Responsible Gambling: A Prospective Study Research team/Steering Committee: Dr. Nady el-Guebaly, Head, Addiction Centre, Foothills Medical Centre & Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, U of Calgary; Dr. David Hodgins, Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, U of Calgary; Dr. Garry Smith, Gambling Research Specialist, Government Studies, Faculty of Extension & Professor Emeritus, U of Alberta; Dr. Rob Williams, Professor, Addictions Counselling Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, U of Lethbridge; Dr. Rob Wood, Associate Professor, Dept. of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, U of Lethbridge; Dr. Don Schopflocher, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, U of Alberta Organizational affiliates: Alberta Gaming Research Institute (lead agency); other provincial/researcher participation under negotiation Gambling is a normative activity in the Alberta population, with 82% of the adult population having gambled in the past year. Although the large majority of Albertans gamble responsibly, there is a small percentage that experience significant problems. The design of effective educational and legislative strategies to minimize the harm caused by gambling hinges on understanding the factors that promote responsible gambling and/or make people susceptible to problem gambling. Longitudinal studies are the optimal methodology for investigating such questions. This methodology has been used extensively and successfully in the fields of health, mental health, sociology and addiction. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies of gambling. Two unpublished studies followed adults. It is this important gap in the research literature that provided the impetus to assemble a cross-disciplinary and cross-university Alberta research team to develop the present proposal. The present project is following 1808 Albertans prospectively over a five-year period from 2005 to 2011. There were five age cohorts at Wave 1 of the study: 13-15 year olds; 18-20 year olds; 23-25 year olds; 43-45 year olds; and 63-65 year olds. Part of the sample was derived from the general population and the other portion was derived from a ‘high risk’ sample of individuals who are at elevated risk for developing gambling problems, in the short-term or long-term, because of their greater expenditure and frequency of gambling. The sample was selected by means of random digit dialing stratified by region (Edmonton, Calgary, and rural Alberta). The initial interview was conducted face-to-face and comprehensively assesses individual and societal variables potentially relevant to gambling behavior. There will be a total of four data collections over five years, with interviews spaced every 12-18 months. The development of a comprehensive model of gambling behavior will elucidate several questions: What are the normal patterns of continuity and discontinuity in gambling behavior? What bio-psychosocial variables and behavior patterns are most predictive of current and future responsible gambling and problem gambling? What is the impact of gambling availability, legislative initiatives, and prevention programs on the development of problem and responsible gambling? And, how do all of these things vary as a function of age and gender? These are all questions whose answers will inform effective educational and public policy initiatives to maximize the benefits of gambling and minimize the harm. Finally, it is anticipated that the richness of the resulting database will also serve as a valuable resource for many other non-gambling investigations by other research groups. Status (April 2011) There were a number of objectives that were the focus of the period from October 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011. Identifiable objectives were the following: begin data collection for Wave 4; complete the organization and cleaning of the data from Wave 3; analyze the data from Wave 1 and Wave 2; complete shorter versions of datasets for investigators and future users of the datasets; write drafts of manuscripts; submit manuscripts to appropriate journals for review; get ready for conference presentations, work on codebooks and SPSS syntax for Wave 4; finalizing the web-based surveys for Wave 4; and tracking participants. The preliminary work for Wave 4 also involved attempting to track down participants that had moved through letters, emails, and telephone calls. First, began data collection for Wave 4 of the study on February 7th for participants from Edmonton, Grande Prairie, and Lethbridge, and February 15th for participants from Calgary. As of April 20th, a total of 1090 participants had completed Wave 4 of the study, 841 adults and 249 adolescents. During this period, the Research Coordinator, Research Assistant, and volunteers have been entering and checking paper surveys as well. Second, completed the organization and cleaning of the data collected during Wave 3 of the study. Third, there was a continuation of the analysis of the data collected during Wave 1 and 2 of the study. This facilitated the progression of the manuscripts that were being completed and developed. Part of this also involved cleaning and coding the open-ended data that was collected during Wave 1 and 2. Fourth, revised datasets were created that included only the key gambling variables and the other variables of interest. Given the tremendous number of variables (e.g., 10,000) included in this study, it was felt that these abbreviated versions of the datasets would be more manageable for the present investigators and any investigators that would be examining this data in the future. It took an extensive amount of time to create these new abbreviated datasets as well as creating new variable names. Fifth, investigators are working on the manuscript on electronic gambling machines. Sixth, one revise and re-submit was received during this period. We are currently working on revisions to re-submit this manuscript to the journal, Addiction. Seventh, we worked on creating and presenting three paper presentations during this reporting period. Finally, we finalized the web-based surveys that are being completed by adults and adolescents during Wave 4 of the study. The preliminary work for Wave 4 also involved attempting to track down participants that had moved through letters, emails, and telephone calls. Scholarly Articles or Working Papers: Smith, G. J., Schopflocher, D. P., el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Hodgins, D. C., Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2011). Community attitudes toward legalised gambling in Alberta. International Gambling Studies, 11(1), 57-79 doi:10.1080/14459795.2010.550306 Aleksandrova, L. R., Souza, R. P., Bagby, M. R., Casey, D. M., Hodgins, D. C., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., Schopflocher, D. P., Wood, R. T., el-Guebaly, N., Lobo, D. S. S., & Kennedy, J. L. (submitted). Replication of CNR1, GABRA2, GABRA6 and MAMDC1 genetic associations with neuroticism in healthy European Caucasians. Manuscript under review for submission to Psychiatric Research. Currie, S. R., Hodgins, D. C., Casey, D. M., el-Guebaly, N., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. Examining the predictive validity of the low risk gambling limits using longitudinal data. Manuscript under revision for resubmission to Addiction. Hodgins, D. C., Schopflocher, D. P., Martin, C. R., el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. Problem gambling among frequent gamblers: Who is at risk? Manuscript under revisions for resubmission. Tong, R. et al. (2011) Association between serotonin gene polymorphisms and personality in healthy European Caucasians. Manuscript being finalized for submission. Scholarly Conference Papers and Posters: el-Guebaly, N., Hodgins, D., Casey, D., Mudry, T., Martin, C., Wild, C., Patten, S., Colman, I., Schopflocher, D., Smith, G., & Williams, R. (2010, October). Strategies for defining behavioral addictions. Plenary at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society Addiction Medicine (CSAM), Charlottetown, PEI. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Hodgins, D. C., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., & Schopflocher, D. P. (2010, October). Alberta’s Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle (LLL) cohort on gambling: The 2010 update. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM), Milan, Italy. Casey, D., Williams, R., Mossiere, A., el-Guebaly, N., Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., & Wood, R. (2009, September). Why are adolescents gambling: The role of family, religiosity, and behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM), Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Martin, C. R., Hodgins, D. C., Casey, D. M., el-Guebaly, N., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., Schopflocher, D. P., & Wood, R. T. (2009, March). What distinguishes frequent gamblers who do and do not develop gambling problems? Poster presented at the annual meeting of Alberta Gaming Research Institute, Banff, Alberta, Canada. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D., Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., & Wood, R. (2008, November). Internet gambling: The perspective of Alberta’s Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle Cohort. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM), Cape Town, South Africa. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D., Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., & Wood, R. (2008, October). Gambling on the Internet: Alberta’s Leisure, Lifecycle, Lifestyle Cohort. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine (CSAM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D., Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., & Wood, R. (2008, September). The Alberta Leisure, Lifecycle, Lifestyle Cohort: Risk predictors in gambling. Paper presented at the World Psychiatric Association, Prague, Czech Republic.
Casey, D. M., Filiciak, A., McEwen, A., el-Guebaly, N., Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Williams, R., Schopflocher, D., & Wood, R. (2008, April). The Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle Project: Wave 1 and 2 of a longitudinal study of gambling behaviour. Poster presented at the annual meeting of Alberta Gaming Research Institute, Banff, Alberta, Canada. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., & Wood, R. (2007, November). The Alberta Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle cohort: Risk predictors in gambling. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the World Psychiatric Association, Prague, Czech Republic. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., & Wood, R. (2007, November). The Alberta Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle cohort: Identifying an at-risk gambling population. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., Williams, V., & Wood, R. (2007, October). Designing a prospective gambling study: The Alberta Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle cohort. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Addicition Medicine (ISAM), Cairo, Egypt. el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. Hodgins, D., Smith, G., Schopflocher, D., Williams, R., Williams, V., & Wood, R. (2007, October). The Alberta Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle cohort: Results from the first wave. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine (CSAM), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Time Frame: April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2012 Last Updated: 07/22/11 Links |
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